Morelos was a child of mixed ethnic heritage in a society in which fine-line categorical distinctions … Morelos came from a family of mixed African, Indian, and Spanish ancestry and was not a member of the elite. Generally, he is characterized as having been a pardo—that is, the progeny of mixed European, Native American, and African heritage. Hidalgo y Costilla advanced as far as Guanajuato; and on 28 September, the rebels captured the Alhóndiga de Granaditas in battle, killing at least 500 Spaniards who had taken shelter there. "[12] Morelos saw the suffering of the poor at the ends of the Church and the elites, and believed that these things must be changed in order to achieve the full participation of the people in the new government. In his second campaign, Morelos divided his army into three groups. 4 pages José María Morelos (1765-1815) was a Mexican parish priest who joined the forces seeking to liberate Mexico from Spanish rule. Jose Maria Morelos. He joined the campaign launched by his fellow priest Miguel Hidalgo and quickly proved to be a capable military strategist, gathering weapons and fighters for the independence cause. Start studying José María Morelos. The most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. In 1815 he was captured and executed by the Spaniards. Valladolid was taken peacefully on 17 October 1810. From Britannica.com: José María Teclo Morelos y Pavón (1765-1815) was a revolutionary priest who assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement after Miguel Hidalgo’s 1810 rebellion and subsequent execution. The 50 peso bill depicts José María Morelos, a Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel who fought in Mexico’s War of Independence. Dr. column on 9 May 2007. His most brilliant achievements were Meade, Teresa A. Shortly thereafter, Morelos began his fourth military campaign, a series of disasters beginning at Valladolid in late 1813. This established a weak executive and a powerful legislature, the opposite of what Morelos had called for. 2010. Mobs of Indians led by Fathers Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos roamed through the countryside killing, looting, calling for independence, and demanding a place in a society dominated by a Spanish aristocracy. The Estadio Morelos in Morelia, Puerto Morelos in the state of Quintana Roo, the Morelos Station Morelos and Ignacio López Rayón are credited with organizing the war of independence. José María Morelos y Pavón, también conocido como el “Siervo de la Nación”, nació el 30 de septiembre de 1765 en la ciudad de Valladolid –hoy Morelia– y murió el 22 de diciembre de 1815 en Ecatepec, Estado de México.. A pesar de que Morelos provenía de una familia humilde, su madre logró instruirlo. "[8] This charge of promiscuity might simply be a slur without foundation on the insurgent-priest. All answers need to be in the form of complete sentences in formal written English. Among the dead was the crown's highest official in Guanajuato, Intendant Juan Antonio Riaño, an old friend of Hidalgo y Costilla. It was known as the "Garden of the Viceroyalty of New Spain" because of its prosperity. In 1810, Guerrero joined in the early revolt against Spain, first fighting in the forces of secular priest José María Morelos.Morelos described him as "A young man with bronzed or tanned skin ("broncineo" in Spanish), tall and strong (N.B. Morelos called the Congress of Chilpancingo in 1813 to form a government and draft a constitution. His Life Comes to an Abrupt End. "Death's Patriots--Celebration, Denunciation, and Memories of Mexico's Independence Heroes: Miguel de Hidalgo, José María Morelos, and Agustín de Iturbide" in Death, Dismemberment, and Memory in Latin America, Lyman L. Johnson, ed. 63–104. [6], As a priest, he could not marry, but he did form a relationship with at least one woman, Brígida Almonte. Spanish reinforcements forced him to raise the siege in January. Although ethnic affiliation was fluid and flexible in colonial Spanish America (see casta) his family was considered as Spaniard according to the social categories of the time. Hidalgo, Morelos, and Itúrbide (1810-1823) (See Mexican country notes for brief chronology) FIRST PHASE OF MEXICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE. The text of the entry was as follows: Did you know... that José María Morelos, a mule driver and priest from Michoacán, won 22 straight battles against … Finally, royalist forces caught up with the insurgents, but Morelos fought a rearguard action allowing most of the revolutionary government to escape. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2004 pp. On Christmas Eve 1811 the townspeople welcomed Morelos to the town. José María Morelos assumed leadership of the insurgency after Hidalgo’s execution. Negotiation led to a surrender without bloodshed. José María Morelos. On November 30, 1813 a presidential election was called. Mexican priest and former student of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, he led the forces fighting for Mexican independence until he was captured and executed in 1814. After a series of defeats he was captured by the royalist military, tried by the Inquisition, defrocked as a cleric, and executed by civil authorities for treason in 1815. José Quiles. Morelos and Ignacio López Rayón are credited with organizing the war of independence. Morelos and Ignacio López Rayón are credited with organizing the war of independence. The creole leader who defeated Morelos, and later went on to declare final independence for Mexico. [17] After his death, his lieutenant, Vicente Guerrero, continued the war for independence. Biografía de José María Morelos y Pavón. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was a Mexican Catholic priest who called for a revolution against the Spanish on September 16, 1810. Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was killed in 1811, and José María Morelos died in 1815. Morelos was executed by firing squad on 22 December 1815, in San Cristóbal Ecatepec, north of Mexico City in order that his execution not provoke a dangerous public reaction. The state bears the name Morelos in honor of José María Morelos y Pavón, a hero who fought for Mexico’s independence from Spain. José María Morelos y Pavón (1765-1815) José María Morelos y Pavón (1765-1815) José María Morelos y Pavón (1765-1815) A leader of the independence movement, he was born in Valladolid, Michoacán. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. José María Morelos "That slavery be prohibited for ever and also distinction between classes, leaving everyone equal, and Americans distinguished from one another only by their vice or virtue. It declared respect for property and confiscated the productions of the Spanish colonial government. In November the congress declared Mexico’s independence, and in October 1814 at Apatzingán it promulgated an egalitarian constitution. [citation needed], Through his paternal line, Morelos was related to Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. These principles demonstrated the rebellion's desire to achieve both independence and justice for the poor. [15] He was charged with treason, disloyalty to the crown, and transgressions in his personal life, namely, sending his natural sons to the United States for education.[16]. José María Morelos (José María Morelos y Pavón; Valladolid, actual Morelia, 1765 - San Cristóbal Ecatepec, 1815) Religioso, político y militar mexicano, caudillo de la independencia de México. [14] Although Morelos was a huge prize for the royal government, the viceroy decided not to make a public spectacle of his journey of incarceration, but rather slipped him into the capital before dawn. Between 1812 and 1815 he controlled most of Mexico southwest of Mexico City, holding at one time or another Acapulco, Oaxaca, Tehuacán, and Cuautla (Santiago Cuautla). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. While Father José María Morelos, who led the Independence movement from 1811 to 1815, is talked about, his African heritage is not. The struggle for independence began with the celebrated revolt initiated by Miguel Hidalgo, the parish priest of Dolores, on Sept. 16, 1810, … The congress was safe, however, only so long as it moved from place to place under the protection of Morelos’s nomadic army. [6] However, since he was a secular cleric and therefore took no vow of poverty, he could freely pursue business activities to make a living. It abolished slavery and racial social distinctions in favor of the title "American" for all native-born individuals. A fact from José María Morelos appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page in the Did you know? Mariano Matamoros, Ignacio Allende, Miguel Hidalgo, Ignacio López Rayón, José María Morelos, Vicente Guerrero, and Guadalupe Victoria all came together to set up the constitution of 1813 and the new government. Christon I. Archer, "Death's Patriots--Celebration, Denunciation, and Memories of Mexico's Independence Heroes: Miguel de Hidalgo, José María Morelos, and Agustín de Iturbide" in, Gustavo Watson Marron, director of the historical archive of the archdiocese, cited in, President of the Supreme Mexican Government, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, [xoˈse maˈɾi.a ˈteklo moˈɾelos ˈpeɾes i paˈβon], National Constituent Congress of Chilpancingo, Reward offered for Morelos y Pavón's head, "Con sangre sacerdotal heredó Hidalgo la sotana", Wallace L. McKeehan, "José María Morelos Man of God, Warrior & Patriot", "Mexico Builds Her Own Statue Of Liberty", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=José_María_Morelos&oldid=1019601356, People temporarily excommunicated by the Catholic Church, People of the Mexican War of Independence, People executed for treason against Spain, Mexican people of indigenous peoples descent, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo alumni, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Himself as president under the Constitution of Apatzingan. Endorsed the `` Garden of the Viceroyalty of New Mexico Press 2004 pp October 1814 at Apatzingán it promulgated egalitarian... 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