Jerome (347–420), while translating the Vulgate, treated this section as a non-canonical fable. [2], The subject was relatively common in European art from the 16th century, with Susanna exemplifying the virtues of modesty and fidelity. American artist Thomas Hart Benton (1889–1975) painted a modern Susanna in 1938, now at the de Young Museum in San Francisco. Subtly lit and in a setting of richly varied chiaroscuro, Susanna’s beauty occupies the foreground of the painting. Susanna and the Elders: painting by Scarsellino Ippolito Scarsella Philadelphia Museum of Art: Cat. It is listed in Article VI of the 39 Articles of the Church of England among the books which are read "for example of life and instruction of manners", but not for the formation of doctrine. [2], Gentileschi‘s painting has been compared to that of other artists who utilized the same subject. [9], Susannah and the Elders by Massimo Stanzione. Susannah is brightly lit, emphasising her moral superiority to the shadowy elders and the figures are crammed together and seen close up, adding to the intensity of the scene. It currently hangs in the Schloss Weißenstein collection, in Pommersfelden, Germany. The Anchor Bible uses "yew" and "hew" and "clove" and "cleave" to get this effect in English. Susanna was a fictional … In the second-century prayers of the Commendatio Animae, Susanna delivered from false accusation symbolizes the soul of the elect protected from various perils. SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS The two wicked Elders here wait for Susanna's maid to leave her before accosting Susanna. Art historian Rave said that the last digit looks like a 6 or a 9 so the date could be 1616 or 1619. It is one of the additions to Daniel, considered apocryphal by Protestants. Susanna and the Elders is a painting by the Venetian painter Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti, 1518–1594). [8] However, R. Ward Bissell questions if she was the one signing her paintings because of the spellings used in four of the letters in which "Gentileschi" is spelled with the letter "e" used in place of "i". [2] They speculated whether she had studied female anatomy or used a model of her father’s, as his work studio was in the family home. [2] This painting was x-rayed in 1970 by Susanna P. Sack and it was confirmed that the date on this painting says 1610. [1] It is only when a young Hebrew wise man named Daniel questioned them separately did he observe that details in the two elders' stories did not match up. Susanna and the Elders is a painting by Venetian painter Jacopo Robusti (1518–1594). Check out our susanna and elders selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. The setting of this scene in a stone enclosure further represents a departure from the typical garden setting used in previous depictions by other artists. In the Greek text, the names of the trees cited by the elders form puns with the sentence given by Daniel. It currently hangs in the Schloss Weißenstein collection, in Pommersfelden, Germany. Mary reveals the extraordinary story behind a famous nude by female artist, Artemisia Gentileschi. Release date: 31 January 2020. Susanna was a fair Hebrew wife who was falsely accused by lecherous voyeurs. A young woman crouches in the bottom right-hand corner, trying to cover her nakedness with her cloak, while two bearded men leer at her and pull at her clothes. They gave her a choice of committing adultery with them in secret or being accused by them of the sin she had not committed. An x-ray of Gilje's painting shows Gentileschi's version of Susanna overlaying a version that depicts the rage and pain of a rape victim. [2] The date of this painting is important because if it was done in 1616 or 1619 it would put it into the Florentine period, but since the painting was done in 1610 this painting was created in the Roman period. ), remarking that the story was commonly read in the early Church (Letter to Africanus); he also noted the story's absence in the Hebrew text, observing (in Epistola ad Africanum) that it was "hidden" by the Jews in some fashion. The story is portrayed on the Lothair Crystal, an engraved rock crystal made in the Lotharingia region of northwest Europe in the mid 9th century, now in the British Museum.[7]. Nowa seria..., 4, … [2] This subject matter for this painting comes from the deuterocanonical Book of Susanna in the Additions to Daniel. [5] This is because Garrard believes that the painting could be related to Gentileschi's resistance to the sexual harassment that she received from men in her community before she was raped by Agostino Tassi. [1] It is not included in the Jewish Tanakh and is not mentioned in early Jewish literature,[2] although the text does appear to have been part of the original Septuagint from the 2nd century BC,[3] and was revised by Theodotion, a Hellenistic Jewish redactor of the Septuagint text (c. 150 AD). After being separated, the two men are cross-examined about details of what they saw but disagree about the tree under which Susanna supposedly met her lover. The painting does not fade against their background, testifying that Artemisia Gentileschi was one of … [2] If she was being harassed by Tassi in years leading up to the trial, Gentileschi could have been portraying her feelings of the harassment in this painting. The subject depicts Susanna, the wife of a prosperous Jew in Babylon, who was secretly desired by two elders of the community. Kilian, Joanna, Beltá crudele Milósc u Guercina, Rocznik Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie. [2] Even Gentileschi's birth year was questioned by two art historians, Roberto Longhi, and Andrea Emiliani; this was because there was an incorrect identification on her birth date. Shakespeare is assumed to have named his eldest daughter after the biblical character. It is listed in Article VI of the 39 Articles of the Church of England among the books which are read "for example of life and instruction of manners", but not for the formation of doctrine. In early examples, the focus is on Susanna was rehabilitated while the two old men were sentenced to death. The American opera Susannah by Carlisle Floyd, which takes place in the American South of the 20th century, is also inspired by this story, but with a less-than-happy ending and with the elders replaced by a hypocritical traveling preacher who rapes Susannah. They hid in her garden and when she came out to bathe they emerged and threatened that, unless she gave in to their desires, they would publicly accuse her of adultery - … The story was frequently painted from about 1470. Susanna then gives a loud cry, and the elders shout too. In 1749, George Frideric Handel wrote an English-language oratorio Susanna. A deuterocanonical addition to the book of Daniel recounts the dramatic story of the SUSANNA AND THE ELDERSSUSANNA AND THE ELDERS , apocryphal work added to the canonical Book of Daniel in ancient versions. Susanna was a kind woman who was married to one of the respected man in town. 158. As she bathes in her garden, having sent her attendants away, two elders, having previously said goodbye to each other, bump into each other again when they spy on her bathing. [6] Susannah and the Elders by Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari (late Baroque). [1] Gentileschi‘s vertical composition also spreads the two elders at the top as a dark element hovering over the scene, creating a feeling of malevolent pressure imposed upon Susanna. The received version is due to Theodotion; this has superseded the original Septuagint version, which now survives only in Syriac translation, in Papyrus 967 (3rd century), and exceptionally in a single medieval manuscript, known as Codex Chisianus 88. [2] Their conflicting stories revealed the falsehood of their testimony, thus clearing Susanna’s name. Susanna, a young Jewish wife, was secretly desired by two elders of the community, who plotted together to seduce her. Subtly lit and in a setting of richly varied chiaroscuro, Susanna’s beauty occupies the foreground of the painting. Susanna and the Elders is a 1610 painting by the Italian Baroque artist Artemisia Gentileschi and is her earliest known signed and dated work. The Belgian writer Marnix Gijsen borrows elements of the story in his first novel Het boek van Joachim van Babylon, 1947. In Shakespeare’s day it was not printed in any of the Protestant bibles. In the presence of the people they said, 29 “Send for Susanna daughter of Hilkiah, the wife of Joakim.” 30 So they sent for her. The Greek puns in the texts have been cited by some[4] as proof that the text never existed in Hebrew or Aramaic, but other researchers[5] have suggested pairs of words for trees and cutting that sound similar enough to suppose that they could have been used in an original. The painting is a representation of a biblical narrative featured in chapter 13 of the Book of Daniel according to the text as maintained by the Catholic and Orthodox churches, though not generally by Protestants. The false accusers are put to death, and virtue triumphs. Susanna (and not Peter Quince) is the subject of the 1915 poem Peter Quince at the Clavier by Wallace Stevens, which has been set to music by the American composer Dominic Argento and by the Canadian Gerald Berg. Some treatments, especially in the Baroque period, emphasize the drama, others concentrate on the nude; a 19th-century version by Francesco Hayez (National Gallery, London) has no elders visible at all. [6][7] Art historians have different opinions about this version of Susanna and the Elders. [6] As this version is the earliest, it has been assumed by Roberto Contini, Germaine Greer, Susanna Stolzenwald, and Mary D. Garrard that she painted with her father's guidance. One day two elders come to the town and they take charge as the judges. Susanna, a Hebrew wife, was falsely accused of participating in sexual acts with a man who was not her husband by two voyeuristic judges. The two men realize they both lust for Susanna. [1] She only signed 19 of her paintings in total. Sextus Julius Africanus did not regard the story as canonical. This was a popular scene to paint during the time of the Baroque period. The story is also repeated in the One Thousand and One Nights under the name The Devout Woman and the Two Wicked Elders. The Greek text survives in two versions. Susanna and the Elders, attributed to the school of Frans Floris, c.1550 Susanna and the Elders is a story from the Old Testament book of Daniel, but is only present in the Roman Catholic and Orthodox versions. The fable was set during the Great Depression, and Benton included himself as one of the voyeurs. Susanna and the Elders A popular image in sixteenth-eighteenth-century art is the Old Testament story of Susanna and the Elders. There are no known early Jewish references to the Susanna story. … It is one of the additions to Daniel, considered apocryphal by Protestants. As she bathes in her garden, two lustful elders secretly spy on the lovely Susanna. Susanna and the Elders is a 1610 painting by the Italian Baroque artist Artemisia Gentileschi and is her earliest known signed and dated work. Susanna (/suˈzænə/; Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, Modern: Šošana, Tiberian: Šôšannâ: "lily"), also called Susanna and the Elders, is a narrative included in the Book of Daniel (as chapter 13) by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. Other symbols of this type are Daniel in the lions' den and the three Hebrews in the fiery furnace. The Elders Testify against Susanna 28 The next day, when the people gathered at the house of her husband Joakim, the two elders came, full of their wicked plot to have Susanna put to death. The elders spied on Susanna[2] and then demanded sexual favors from her,[2] which she refused. Origen's claim is reminiscent of Justin Martyr's charge that Jewish scribes 'removed' certain verses from their Scriptures (Dialogue with Trypho: C.71-3). As you can imagine, a story that was treated by many artists spawned different artistic interpretations. Gilje titled this piece Susanna and the Elders Restored [10] . [2], Gentileschi's father, Orazio Gentileschi, was one of the first people in Italy to paint in the style of Caravaggio. [4] It was not until the mid-1630s that Gentileschi began using background or landscape. Susanna is the subject of paintings by many artists, including (but not limited to) Lorenzo Lotto (Susanna and the Elders, 1517), Guido Reni, Rubens, Van Dyck (Susanna and the Elders), Tintoretto, Rembrandt, Tiepolo, and Artemisia Gentileschi. In his introduction, he indicated that Susanna was an apocryphal addition because it was not present in the Hebrew text of Daniel. The seven-month trial produced evidence of sexual harassment and rape of the 19-year-old artist by her teacher, … [8] Rather, the body of works are attributed to Gentileschi,[8] partly because historians have been able to match her paintings‘ signatures on letters she wrote. [2] The two elders then falsely accused Susanna of adultery - a crime which was punishable by death. [8] The spelling and format of signature varied because at that time, spelling was not standardized. Two elderly men are shown spying on a young married woman named Susanna. Find more prominent pieces of religious painting at Wikiart.org – best visual art database. [2], The painting was in the collection of the artist Benedetto Luti by 1715, as he made mention of it in a letter that year to his patron Hofrat Bauer von Heffenstein, who was a councilor to Lothar Franz von Schönborn, archbishop of Mainz. In practice however, it allowed artists the opportunity to display their skill in the depiction of the female nude, often for the pleasure of their male patrons. She refuses to be blackmailed and is arrested and about to be put to death for adultery when the young Daniel interrupts the proceedings, shouting that the elders should be questioned to prevent the death of an innocent. [1], Art historians Roberto Longhi and Andrea Emiliani questioned how Gentileschi could paint a convincing female nude at such a young age. Susanna , also called Susanna and the Elders, is a narrative included in the Book of Daniel (as chapter 13) by the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church. The picture, painted in 1955, is part of the permanent collection at the Museo Picasso Málaga. When she makes her way back to her house, they accost her, demanding she have sex with them. [1], Gentileschi‘s signature is shown on the stone step on the lower left of the image. [2] The work shows an uncomfortable Susanna with the two men lurking above her while she is in the bath. Susanna was rehabilitated while the two old men were sentenced to death. Susanna and the Elders, An Ancient Story Gentileschi’s painting depicts the story of Susanna and the Elders, from The Book of Daniel. 255 Philadelphia Museum of Art: Susannah and the Elders: painting by Previously attributed to Hendrick Goltzius Royal Collection: RCIN 406921 15th century Suzanne et les vieillards: Suzanne et les vieillards: Susanna im Bade: painting by Schick, Carl Städel. The work shows an uncomfortable Susanna with the two men lurking above her while she is in the bath. Susanna, brought up by religious parents who taught her the law of Moses, married Joakim, a very rich man of Babylon at whose house the elders of the Jews met and where they held their trials. The images are based on the following passage … Susanna and the Elders is a painting by the Dutch artist Rembrandt from the Baroque period.It is an oil on panel painting completed in the year 1647. It depicts the story of Susanna, a Deuterocanonical text from the book of Daniel in the Bible.The painting is currently housed at the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin. [2] Rather than depicting the typical body type of previous paintings of Susanna, Gentileschi chose a more Classical style for Susanna’s body, which elevates her nudity in a more heroic sense. Discover recipes, home ideas, style inspiration and other ideas to try. In 1681 Alessandro Stradella wrote an oratorio in two parts La Susanna for Francesco II, Duke of Modena, based upon the story. Susanna and the elders is a theme that frequently occurs in early Christian art. ‘Susanna and the Elders’ was created in 1622 by Anthony van Dyck in Baroque style. Susanna and The Elders was painted near the time that a charge of rape was brought to court by Gentileschi’s father, also a painter, on her behalf. Robusti, also known as Tintoretto or Il Furioso, for the energy and "fury" with which he painted, depicted both sacred and profane subjects in a period known as the Venetian “golden century”. [2] This information was then later published by Mary D. Garrard in 1982 and most scholars have accepted this information as the correct date. Duration: 2 minutes A fair Hebrew wife named Susanna was falsely accused by lecherous voyeurs. Susanna and the Elders is a 1610-1 painting by the Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi. Susanna and the Elders is housed in the Weißenstein Castle now, a magnificent Baroque palace, the pearl of Bavaria, in the same collection as Titian, Rubens, and Van Dyck. Shakespeare refers to this biblical episode in the trial scene of The Merchant of Venice, where first Shylock and then Gratiano praise Portia as being "A second Daniel" because of her sound judgments. [2], Gentileschi painted this scene at least twice more during her lifetime. [4] As shown in this painting, the only background is a blue sky. [9] By 1719, the painting was part of the Schönborn collection. However, there is no evidence confirming either opinion. In several uncial Greek manuscripts (b a q), the Old Latin, and the Bohairic, Susanna precedes chapter 1; its traditional position, however, in accord with the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate (and versions based on it), is after chapter 12. The elders are depicted as paintings hanging on the wall behind her. [7][6] With Gentileschi's father being her first teacher, it was not surprising that Gentileschi painted in a similar style. [2] Gentileschi‘s Susanna sits uncomfortably,[2] a twist to her body showing her distress, unlike many depictions that fail to reveal any discomfort. Susanna and the Elders. [8] The Uruguayan painter Juan Manuel Blanes also painted two versions of the story, most notably one where the two voyeurs are not in sight, and Susanna looks to her right with a concerned expression on her face. It depicts the … On the other hand, art historians like Rose-Marie Hagen said that it is a 0 and the date was correct at 1610. Origen received the story as part of the 'divine books' and censured 'wicked presbyters' who did not recognize its authenticity (Hom Lev 1.3. Susanna and the Elders by Alessandro Allori, Susannah and the Elders, Jan Matsys, The Phoebus Foundation, Susanna and Elders, 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld in Die Bibel in Bildern, Trial of Susanna, 1860 woodcut by Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld in Die Bibel in Bildern, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Susanna at her Bath, 1850, Francesco Hayez", The Devout Woman and the Two Wicked Elders, An illustrated story of Susanna and the Elders, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susanna_(Book_of_Daniel)&oldid=1016865395, Articles needing additional references from August 2011, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 13:54. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susanna_and_the_Elders_(Artemisia_Gentileschi) [2] Susanna had gone out to the garden one day for a bath when her housekeeper let the two elders in. 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