Also, Catalan is the official language of the Principality of Andorra. In addition to the loss of prestige for Catalan and the prohibition of its use in schools, migration during the 1950s into Catalonia from other parts of Spain also contributed to the diminished use of the language. Prefixes are usually appended to verbs, as in preveure ("foresee"). By the 11th century, the Catalan language was present in several feudal documents. Match all exact any words . The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or "Catalan Countries". [1] The flowering of the Renaissance was closely associated with the advent of the printing press, and the first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Valencia in 1474: Trobes en llaors de la Verge maria ("Poems of praise of the Virgin Mary"). [19][9], With the union of the crowns of Castille and Aragon in 1479, the use of Spanish gradually became more prestigious[18] and marked the start of the decline of Catalan. Catalan Language: Everything You Need To Know Approximately 9 million people worldwide speak Catalan. Ley 10/2009, de 22 de diciembre, de uso, protección y promoción de las lenguas propias de Aragón, article 19.1 of Law 1/1998 stipulates that "the citizens of Catalonia have the right to use the proper regulation of their Catalan names and surnames and to introduce the conjunction between surnames", General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales, Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística, AVL: Dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià, Linguistic features of Spanish as spoken by Catalan speakers, "InformeCAT 50 dades sobre la llengua catalana", https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Catalan, "Italy's Last Bastion of Catalan Language Struggles to Keep It Alive", "Acord de l'Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (AVL), adoptat en la reunió plenària del 9 de febrer del 2005, pel qual s'aprova el dictamen sobre els principis i criteris per a la defensa de la denominació i l'entitat del valencià", "Catalan: a language that has survived against the odds", "The rebirth of Catalan: how a once-banned language is thriving", "Cataluña ordena incumplir las sentencias sobre el castellano en las escuelas", "Idescat. Fusspot in French. An attack on Catalan language has been repeated several times, making it a distinct and inseparable part of Catalonia’s history. two nouns, the second assimilated to the first, noun delimited by another noun and a preposition, noun delimited by an adjective, with adjectival value, I was about eighteen years old when I met. The current official category of "Catalans" is that of the citizens of Catalonia, an autonomous community in Spain and the inhabitants of the Roussillon historical region in southern France, today the Pyrénées Orientales department, also called Northern Catalonia and Pays Catalan in French. [9] From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. Let’s take a look at the Catalan language so you’re better informed as to its origin, use, and vocabulary. [41], During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language was ridiculed as a mere dialect of Spanish. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in the Balearic Islands must be cantam in all fields. The names rose in popularity from the 1900s up to the 2000s; prior to that, they were of only occasional use. Its origin has not yet been fully understood, although there are several theories, some more accepted than others: origin in North Africa, origin in the Ural mountains, origin … According to a 2019 survey by the Catalan government, 31.5% of the inhabitants of Catalonia have Catalan as first language at home whereas 52.7% have Spanish, 2.8% both Catalan and Spanish and 10.8% other languages.[53]. Pronouns additionally can have a neuter gender, and some are also inflected for case and politeness, and can be combined in very complex ways. Following the death of Franco in 1975 and the restoration of democracy under a constitutional monarchy, the use of Catalan increased significantly because of new affirmative action and subsidy policies. Catalan Language. Think of RodaMots as a huge dictionary… but more fun! The History of the Catalan Language. [103] The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standardization of the Catalan language in La Franja. [61], There is a tendency to abandon traditionally gender-invariable adjectives in favor of marked ones, something prevalent in Occitan and French. [note 2] See also status of Valencian below. The origin of Nurya is Catalan ... variation of Nuria ... uncommon as a baby girl name ... Piula . [68] The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article). Both Spanish and Catalan are an evolution from Latin, brought by the Romans more than 2000 years ago. [26] There were attempts at prohibiting the use of spoken Catalan in public and in commerce,[27] and all advertising and signage had to be in Spanish, as did all written communication in business.[28]. [108] Vowel alternances are active, as well as infixation and suppletion. For example, Catalan fang "mud" and rostir "to roast", of Germanic origin, contrast with Spanish lodo and asar, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan filosa "spinning wheel" and templa "temple", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish rueca and sien, of Germanic origin. [118] However, word order is very flexible. The Catalan language derives from the Vulgar Latin (a form of Latin from which the Romance languages developed) spoken in the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis. The deliberate process of eradicating non-French vernaculars in modern France and dismissing them as mere local and often strictly oral dialects was formalized with Abbé Grégoire's Report on the necessity and means to annihilate the patois and to universalize the use of the French language,[4] which he presented on June 4, 1794 to the National Convention; thereafter, all languages other than French were officially banned in the administration and schools for the sake of linguistically uniting post-Bastille Day France. [25][8] Franco's desire for a homogenous Spanish population resonated with some Catalonians in favor of his regime, primarily members of the upper class, who began to reject the use of Catalan. In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. In the 12th and 13th Century the language spread down south. It has been suppressed throughout the course of the history. The Catalans are an ethnic group native to Catalonia, who speak the Romance language Catalan. 2. [107], Literary Catalan allows the use of words from different dialects, except those of very restricted use. [52] Very few Catalan monoglots exist; basically, virtually all of the Catalan speakers in Spain are bilingual speakers of Catalan and Spanish, with a sizable population of Spanish-only speakers of immigrant origin (typically born outside Catalonia or with both parents born outside Catalonia)[citation needed] existing in the major Catalan urban areas as well. Catalan language on the rise. The Catalan Language is a typically Latin language with a structure and phonetics that can be located somewhere between Spanish and French. By Laura Estors Sastre. In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan. Over time these names have become confused with one another. Both sentences mean "the train has arrived", but the former puts a focus on the train, while the latter puts a focus on the arrival. [18] During this period, the language was what Costa Carreras terms "one of the 'great languages' of medieval Europe". There did not exist, at no point had there ever existed between us. Throughout the Middle Ages and into the early modern period, most literate Catalan speakers were also literate in Latin; and thus they easily adopted Latin words into their writing—and eventually speech—in Catalan. More than half of them speak Catalan as a second language, with native speakers being about 4.4 million of those (more than 2.8 in Catalonia). According to Wikipedia, a “dialect is a a variety of a language … Louis XIV issued a decree that prohibited the use of the Catalan language in Northern Catalonia. (% of the population 15 years old and older). The most recent persecution of the Catalan language however, was with General Francisco Franco during his regime, 1939-1975. Like all Romance languages, Catalan has a handful of native words which are unique to it, or rare elsewhere. [50] These figures only reflect potential speakers; today it is the native language of only 35.6% of the Catalan population. A more derogatory French term is chiant. According to this census of 2013 Catalan is also very commonly spoken in the city of 1,501,262: it is understood by 95% of the population, while 72.3% over the age of 2 can speak it (1,137,816), 79% can read it (1,246.555), and 53% can write it (835,080). Surnames of Catalan language origin. Origen del llenguatge en how, why, when, and where language might have emerged . Valencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). Cataluña. The Catalan language is a Romance language spoken in Catalonia, Valencian Community, the eastern part of Aragon, the Balearic Islands, a small zone of Murcia (all of them in Spain ), Andorra, North Catalonia (in France) and the Italian city of L'Alguer. [35][36], There is evidence that, at least from the 2nd century a.d., the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. It also has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero. At that time, Catalan spread quickly throughout the Iberian peninsula when the Catalan counts conquered Muslim territory. [120] The law contemplates the possibility of joining both surnames with the Catalan conjunction i ("and").[120][121]. Catalan language have a long history, but certain events are most helpful in explaining secessionist desires. Origin of Catalan and Spanish languages. We can also find the word “Gaudir” in the Catalan language having the same mentioned meaning and the same Latin origin as its French equivalent. the Catalan language however, was with General Francisco Franco during his regime, 1939-1975. In the wake of these defeats, the new king abolished the sovereignty and the customary laws and privileges of Catalonia and attempted to impose Castilian language and customs. The word Catalan is derived from the territorial name of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. Thus, Catalan can have m'hi recomanaren ("they recommended me to him"), whereas in French one must say ils m'ont recommandé à lui, and Spanish me recomendaron a él. Language attitudes by origin of learners of Catalan as a host language . Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales officially recognized Catalan as one of the languages of the department[22] and seeks to further promote it in public life and education. The most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). [34] In the 14th and 15th centuries Catalan had a far greater number of Greco-Latin loanwords than other Romance languages, as is attested for example in Roís de Corella's writings. It diverged from the other Romance languages in the 9th century. Various interpretations of the term may include some or all of these regions. [61] Balearic also has instances of stressed /ə/. It is the official language of Andorra,[6] and a co-official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands. One of the five official languages of Spain, Catalan is spoken in various dialects across Catalunya, Valencia and the Balearic Islands. [108], Catalan verbs are traditionally divided into three conjugations, with vowel themes -a-, -e-, -i-, the last two being split into two subtypes. [113], The inflection of determinatives is complex, specially because of the high number of elisions, but is similar to the neighboring languages. [40], Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. Catalan is an incredibly beautiful language, and Catalunya – with its wonderful food, beaches, and music – is a place very close to my heart. Attempts to suppress the Catalan language and culture have deep historical roots but were intensified during the era of Francisco Franco. [108], Like all the Romance languages, Catalan verbal inflection is more complex than the nominal. [citation needed], According to a 2011 study the total number of Catalan speakers is over 9.8 million, with 5.9 million residing in Catalonia. [28] There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan. Here are some Catalan expressions you need to know to appreciate this historic language. The Catalan language originated from Vulgar Latin in the Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. of Catalan origin ... form of Nuria ... uncommon as a baby girl name ... not in the top 1000 names ... Nurya. Show algorithmically generated translations . Also, Catalan is the official language of the Principality of Andorra. Catalan art is the result of the social and cultural amalgam brought about by the diverse peoples that inhabited the Catalan territory. Catalan, a Gallo-Romance language spoken with a speaking population of about 11.5 million people, can be heard in Spain (Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, La Franja in Aragon, Carche in Murcia), France (Pyrénées-Orientales), and Italy (City of Alghero on Sardinia). Order from the Excmo. Language uses. In the Valencian Community and Carche, the term valencià [valensiˈa, ba-] is frequently used instead. Here are some Catalan expressions you need to know to appreciate this historic language. The terms "Catalan" and "Valencian" (respectively used in Catalonia and the Valencian Community) refer to two varieties of the same language. At that time, the city of Valencia was thriving. The Royal History, and the Gothic and Jewish (Catalan) origin of the lineage of King David. For three centuries, every single Catalan speaker has lived in a state where there's another, more dominant language spoken (Spanish or French). "pertaining to Catalonia," also as a noun, "person from Catalonia," late 15c., from the indigenous name, which is said to be of Celtic origin and probably mean "chiefs of battle." Commonly, verb-subject constructions are used to achieve a semantic effect. [35][36] This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. translations origin of language Add . Thus, the alternance of -o/-a, has been replaced by ø/-a. The dictator … [vague][67] As a result, Central Catalan has a much higher incidence of /ɛ/.[67]. Although Catalan, Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese and... Catalan … [1] By the 9th century, the Christian rulers occupied the northern parts of present-day Catalonia, usually termed "Old Catalonia", and during the 11th and 12th centuries they expanded their domains to the region north of the Ebro river, a land known as "New Catalonia". 1050–1060), featuring whole sentences in Romance. For the ship, see, [T]he historical patrimonial language of the, Classification and relationship with other Romance languages, Relationship with other Romance languages. One classification of Catalan is given by Pèire Bèc: However, the ascription of Catalan to the Occitano-Romance branch of Gallo-Romance languages is not shared by all linguists and philologists, particularly among Spanish ones, such as Ramón Menéndez Pidal. Most common English idioms. Spanish is the most spoken language in Barcelona (according to the linguistic census held by the Government of Catalonia in 2013) and it is understood almost universally. [108], Catalan uses the Latin script, with some added symbols and digraphs. The writer names four other languages: Arabic and Urdu are the languages spoken by recent immigrants from Morocco and Pakistan (Barcelona has a considerable Pakistani community, the largest in Europe outside the UK it is said). Nouns have two genders (masculine, feminine), and two numbers (singular, plural). By the 9th century, the Catalan language had developed from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees mountains (counties of Rosselló, Empúries, Besalú, Cerdanya, Urgell, Pallars and Ribagorça), as well as in the territories of the Roman province and later archdiocese of Tarraconensis to the south. Many times, several affixes are appended to a preexisting lexeme, and some sound alternations can occur, for example elèctric [əˈlɛktrik] ("electrical") vs. electricitat [ələktrisiˈtat]. In 1932, Valencian writers and intellectuals gathered in Castelló de la Plana to make a formal adoption of the so-called Normes de Castelló, a set of guidelines following Pompeu Fabra's Catalan language norms. Features include:[112], In gender inflection, the most notable feature is (compared to Portuguese, Spanish or Italian), the loss of the typical masculine suffix -o. Together, those places are … [13], Ruling of the Valencian Language Academy of 9 February 2005, extract of point 1.[13][104]. [34] The incorporation of learned, or "bookish" words from its own ancestor language, Latin, into Catalan is arguably another form of lexical borrowing through the influence of written language and the liturgical language of the Church. See also history of Barcelona. It was a whimsical note in 10th- or early 11th-century calligraphy: Magister m[eu]s no vol que em miras novel ("my master does not want you to watch me, newbie"). See more. [23] During the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) Catalan became the official language of Catalonia (alongside Spanish), being used extensively by the Generalitat, the Catalan institution of self-government. Catalan bears varying degrees of similarity to the linguistic varieties subsumed under the cover term Occitan language (see also differences between Occitan and Catalan and Gallo-Romance languages). [108] Catalan has more contractions of preposition + article than Spanish, like dels ("of + the [plural]"), but not as many as Italian (which has sul, col, nel, etc.). The most important one is the addition of -o- before certain consonant groups, a phonetic phenomenon that does not affect feminine forms: el pols/els polsos ("the pulse"/"the pulses") vs. la pols/les pols ("the dust"/"the dusts"). Old Catalan diverged from Old Occitan between the 11th and 14th centuries,[16] although it was not until the 19th century that Catalan was formally[clarification needed] considered a separate language,[17] when in 1863 the German philologist Friedrich Christian Diez first put Catalan on the same level as the rest of the Romance languages, though still admitting a close relationship with Occitan. [1] From the 8th century on, the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards, conquering territories then occupied by Muslims, bringing their language with them. Western Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Algherese. Historical Context of Catalonia and the Catalan Language The origins of Catalonia are generally situated at the end of the 10th century, when it gained de facto independence from the Franks (Miller & Miller, 1996, p. 115). First language, language of identification and habitual language. [34] However, the Arabic element in Spanish is generally much more prevalent. [95], In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. See also the related category irish. [1] Examples of this can be seen in the works of Majorcan polymath Ramon Llull (1232–1315), the Four Great Chronicles (13th-14th centuries), and the Valencian school of poetry which culminated in Ausiàs March (1397–1459). [96] Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases. This subtle distinction is described as "what you might say while waiting in the station" versus "what you might say on the train. 4. Catalan language. [49] The web site of the Generalitat de Catalunya estimated that as of 2004 there were 9,118,882 speakers of Catalan. Catalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. Official data about the sociolinguistic situation in Catalan-speaking areas: Catalonia (2003), Andorra (2004), the Balearic Islands (2004), Aragonese Border (2004), Northern Catalonia (2004), Alghero (2004) and Valencian Community (2004)", Población según lengua habitual. language of origin is Catalan ... form of Nuria ... not popular as a baby girl name ... Nuriyah. The consonant system of Catalan is rather conservative. Nevertheless, on 10 December 2007, the General Council of the Pyrénées-Orientales recognized Catalan as one of its official the languages in the Article 1 (a) of its Charte en faveur du Catalan[5] and sought to promote it in public life and education. Central Catalan pronunciation is considered to be standard for the language. This list may not reflect recent changes . The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century. My father had died, unexpectedly and still young, a couple of years before; and from that time. The origins of Catalan literature: Ramon Llull and Ausiàs March. It was initially prohibited in mass media, but then allowed during the early 1950s. I also have some interest in sign language, I find it very interesting. In the Northern Catalonia area of France, Catalan has followed the same trend as the other minority languages of France, with most of its native speakers being 60 or older (as of 2004). even though nowadays there is a greater freedom of choice. Catalan shares many traits with the other neighboring Romance languages (Occitan, French, Italian, Sardinian as well as Spanish and Portuguese among others). [1], By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the center of social and cultural dynamism, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. Tables. Notable features include:[61], In contrast to other Romance languages, Catalan has many monosyllabic words, and these may end in a wide variety of consonants, including some consonant clusters. Stem. Traditionally Catalan-speaking territories are sometimes called the Països Catalans (Catalan Countries), a denomination based on cultural affinity and common heritage, that has also had a subsequent political interpretation but no official status. Tara Jessop. Results", "Idescat. As with Castellano, Catalan was rooted in [4] The repression continued until recently, when finally the French government in 2007 promoted the usage of Catalan publicly and in education.[5]. In Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Algherese dialect. [24] However, despite being spoken mostly on the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan has marked differences with the Iberian Romance group (Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of pronunciation, grammar, and especially vocabulary; showing instead its closest affinity with languages native to France and northern Italy, particularly Occitan[34][35][36] and to a lesser extent Gallo-Romance (Franco-Provençal, French, Gallo-Italian). [9] By the 15th century, the city of Valencia had become the sociocultural center of the Crown of Aragon, and Catalan was present all over the Mediterranean world. [29] In 2003 the same studies concluded no language preference for self-identification within the population above 15 years old: 5% self-identified with both languages, 44.3% with Catalan and 47.5% with Spanish. There are around 8,000,000 Catalan speakers on the planet. [6] Since the promulgation of the 1993 constitution, several policies favoring Catalan have been enforced, like Catalan medium education.[6]. The answer is no. [108], The Catalan verbal system is basically common to all Western Romance, except that most dialects have replaced the synthetic indicative perfect with a periphrastic form of anar ("to go") + infinitive. After the Nueva Planta Decrees, the use of Catalan in administration and education was banned in the Kingdom of Spain. In the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In terms of pronunciation, Catalan has many words ending in a wide variety of consonants and some consonant clusters, in contrast with many other Romance languages. ), Catellain (early 15c., from French). By Laura Estors Sastre. Andorra: Sociolinguistic data from Andorran Government, 1999. [1], This expansion quickened with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988. [18], Catalan enjoyed a golden age during the Late Middle Ages, reaching a peak of maturity and cultural plenitude. In Francoist Spain, Catalan was prohibited in government and education. Abstract . [61] Catalan was present throughout the Mediterranean by the 15th century. [9], Martorell's outstanding[9] novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work. The History of the Catalan Language. As a noun meaning "a Catalan," Middle English used Cateloner (mid-14c. It … In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use of -v- /v/ in the imperfect tense in all conjugations: cantava, creixiva, llegiva; the use of many archaic words, usual words in Algherese: manco instead of menys ('less'), calqui u instead of algú ('someone'), qual/quala instead of quin/quina ('which'), and so on; and the adaptation of weak pronouns. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern Catalan). Both have their origin in small texts dated between the tenth and eleventh centuries. [108], Central Catalan has abandoned almost completely unstressed possessives (mon, etc.) On the other hand, there are several language shift processes currently taking place. [18], With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.[6][20]. Origin and extension. [2] For example, in the act of consecration of the cathedral of Urgell from 839 the toponymy exhibits clear Catalan traits, like apocope[10] in Argilers < ARGILARIUS, Llinars < LINARES, Kabrils < CAPRILES, and reduction of Latin clusters as in Palomera < PALUMBARIA. In Roussillon, only a minority of French Catalans speak Catalan nowadays, with French being the majority language for the inhabitants after a continued process of language shift. Eastern Catalan: In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.E.g. It’s much simpler than you may think and quite easy to learn. It diverged from the other Romance languages in the 9th century. [11] Another text, from the early 11th century, exhibits the names of seven fruit trees:[11] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. This video is all about the Catalan language! Aquest article se centra en les actituds lingüístiques de quatre grups d’aprenents de català amb diverses L1: àrab, panjabi/urdú, xinès i castellà. Aranese is recognised as an official language in Catalonia, being distinct in origin from Catalan. Some Iberian scholars may alternatively classify Catalan as, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCosta_Carreras2007 (, Red Cruscat del Instituto de Estudios Catalanes, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLloret2003 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCosta_Carreras2009 (, Central Catalan has 90% to 95% inherent intelligibility for speakers of Valencian (1989 R. Hall, Jr.), cited in, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Thus, Catalan has noi/noia ("boy"/"girl") and gall/gallina ("cock"/"hen"), whereas French has garçon/fille and coq/poule. The Catalan government also provides subsidies to various means of promoting Catalan culture, including for example the making of Catalan-language films or the subtitling of foreign-language films in Catalan. [61] There are only a few exceptions, like minso/minsa ("scarce"). Her role in 1995 as the coordinator of the first edition of the Catalan dictionary, which updated the original, established by Pompeu Fabra in 1932, was key. [30] To promote use of Catalan, the Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalonia's official Autonomous government) spends part of its annual budget on the promotion of the use of Catalan in Catalonia and in other territories, with entities such as Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística [ca; es] (Consortium for Linguistic Normalization)[31][32], In Andorra, Catalan has always been the sole official language. [108] Only the first conjugation is nowadays productive (with about 3500 common verbs), whereas the third (the subtype of servir, with about 700 common verbs) is semiproductive. Thus, the name "Valencian", although often employed for referring to the varieties specific to the Valencian Community and Carche, is also used by Valencians as a name for the language as a whole,[13] synonymous with "Catalan".
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